A ball bouncing from a wall

Smooth wall · same speed before and after

Motion: overhead view

Before contact

x points towards the wall; y runs along it. Both are horizontal.

Forces on the ball: side view (x–z)

No wall contact
Floor support = weight
9.8 N each

z is vertically upward. Arrows show force directions, not a common scale.

Comparing the momentum vectors

Axes in N·s
InitialFinal

Both momentum arrows start at the same origin. The dot follows p(t).

30°
4.0 m/s
0.000 s